This article analyzes the definition of the term “efficiency”, the interpretation of which has been a difficult task for researchers for many centuries. The authors note that currently there is no unified approach to understanding this term in economics. Efficiency research is of particular importance for enterprises operating in the veterinary services market, since the health and well-being of animals depends on the quality of work of specialists. The research is conducted in order to identify key aspects that affect the efficiency of enterprises in the modern digital economy. The first part of the article examines the specifics of household activities and the factors that stimulate their active development. As part of the analysis, the definition of the veterinary services market is given, and the importance of establishing reliable relationships between companies and their consumers is indicated. In the second part, special attention is paid to theoretical approaches to assessing the concept of “efficiency” in economics. The analysis is based on the citation of works by such authors as Peter Ferdinand Drucker, David Ricardo, Joseph Schumpeter, Friedrich Haider and other scientists. The study of multiple approaches made it possible to identify the most relevant aspects in the light of which the effectiveness of the company's activities should be assessed. In total, the authors indicate nine main aspects, among which the business orientation and efficiency of the organization's processes, as well as a resource-based approach to evaluation, are of particular importance. In conclusion, it is concluded that the genesis of the term under study in economics indicates its multidimensional nature and vastness. Based on the analysis, it is also concluded that the effectiveness of veterinary industry enterprises depends on an integrated approach to evaluating and managing all aspects of their activities.